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კურსის აღწერა:
კურსი მოიცავს თეორიულ და ლაბორატორიულ მეცადინეობებს, რომლის განმავლობაში აუცილებელია მსმენელმა შეასრულოს ლაბორატორიული და საშინაო დავალებები. კურსი გრძელდება სამი თვე და ლექციების ხანგრძლივობა განსაზღვრულია კვირაში 3 საათი, 1 ლექცია 1,5 საათი, ჯამში 36 საათი.

1 კვრია

 

1, 2 ლექცია

 

Writing Basic SQL SELECT Statements

 

  • Basic SELECT Statement
  • Selecting All Columns
  • Selecting Specific Columns
  • Writing SQL Statements
  • Column Heading Defaults
  • Arithmetic Expressions
  • Using Arithmetic Operators
  • Operator Precedence
  • Using Parentheses
  • Defining a Null Value
  • Null Values in Arithmetic Expressions
  • Defining a Column Alias
  • Using Column Aliases
  • Concatenation Operator
  • Using the Concatenation Operator
  • Literal Character Strings
  • Using Literal Character Strings
  • Duplicate Rows
  • Eliminating Duplicate Rows
  • Restricting and Sorting Data
  • Limiting Rows Using a Selection
  • Limiting the Rows Selected
  • Using the WHERE Clause
  • Character Strings and Dates
  • Comparison Conditions
  • Using Comparison Conditions
  • Other Comparison Conditions
  • Using the BETWEEN Condition
  • Using the IN Condition
  • Using the LIKE Condition
  • Using the NULL Conditions
  • Logical Conditions
  • Using the AND Operator
  • Using the OR Operator
  • Using the NOT Operator
  • Rules of Precedence
  • ORDER BY Clause
  • Sorting in Descending Order
  • Sorting by Column Alias
  • Sorting by Multiple Columns

Single-Row Functions

  • SQL Function
  • Two Types of SQL Functions
  • Single-Row Functions
  • Single-Row Functions
  • Character Functions
  • Character Functions
  • Case Manipulation Functions
  • Using Case Manipulation Functions
  • Character-Manipulation Functions
  • Using the Character-Manipulation Functions
  • Number Functions
  • Using the ROUND Function
  • Using the TRUNC Function
  • Using the MOD Function
  • Working with Dates
  • Arithmetic with Dates
  • Using Arithmetic Operators with Dates
  • Date Functions
  • Using Date Functions
  • Practice 3, Part One:
  • Conversion Functions
  • Implicit Data Type Conversion
  • Explicit Data Type Conversion
  • Using the TO_CHAR Function with Dates
  • Elements of the Date Format Model
  • Using the TO_CHAR Function with Dates
  • Using the TO_CHAR Function with Numbers
  • Using the TO_NUMBER and TO_DATE Functions
  • RR Date Format
  • Example of RR Date Format
  • Nesting Functions
  • General Functions
  • NVL Function
  • Using the NVL Function
  • Using the NVL2 Function
  • Using the NULLIF Function
  • Using the COALESCE Function
  • Conditional Expressions
  • The CASE Expression
  • Using the CASE Expression
  • The DECODE Function
  • Using the DECODE Function

 

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

2 კვირა

3, 4 ლექცია

 

Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

  • Obtaining Data from Multiple Tables
  • Cartesian Products
  • Generating a Cartesian Product
  • Types of Joins
  • Joining Tables Using Oracle Syntax
  • What is an Equijoin?
  • Retrieving Records with Equijoins
  • Additional Search Conditions Using the AND Operator
  • Qualifying Ambiguous Column Names
  • Using Table Aliases
  • Joining More than Two Tables
  • Non-Equijoins
  • Retrieving Records with Non-Equijoins
  • Outer Joins Outer Joins Syntax
  • Using Outer Joins
  • Self Joins
  • Joining a Table to Itself
  • Joining Tables Using SQL: 1999 Syntax
  • Creating Cross Joins
  • Creating Natural Joins
  • Retrieving Records with Natural Joins
  • Creating Joins with the USING Clause
  • Retrieving Records with the USING Clause
  • Creating Joins with the ON Clause
  • Retrieving Records with the ON Clause
  • Creating Three-Way Joins with the ON Clause
  • INNER Versus OUTER Joins
  • LEFT OUTER JOIN
  • RIGHT OUTER JOIN
  • FULL OUTER JOIN
  • Additional Conditions

Aggregating Data Using Group Functions

  • What Are Group Functions?
  • Types of Group Functions
  • Group Functions Syntax
  • Using the AVG and SUM Functions
  • Using the MIN and MAX Functions
  • Using the COUNT Function
  • Using the DISTINCT Keyword
  • Group Functions and Null Values
  • Using the NVL Function with Group Functions
  • Creating Groups of Data
  • Creating Groups of Data: The GROUP BY Clause Syntax
  • Using the GROUP BY Clause
  • Grouping by More Than One Column
  • Using the GROUP BY Clause on Multiple Columns
  • Illegal Queries Using Group Functions
  • Excluding Group Results
  • Excluding Group Results: The HAVING Clause
  • Using the HAVING Clause
  • Nesting Group Functions

Subqueries

Objectives
Using a Subquery to Solve a Problem
Subquery Syntax
Using a Subquery
Guidelines for Using Subqueries
Types of Subqueries
Single-Row Subqueries
Executing Single-Row Subqueries
Using Group Functions in a Subquery
The HAVING Clause with Subqueries
What is Wrong with this Statement?
Will this Statement Return Rows?
Multiple-Row Subqueries
Using the ANY Operator in Multiple-Row Subqueries
Using the ALL Operator in Multiple-Row Subqueries
Null Values in a Subquery

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

3 კვირა

5, 6 ლექცია

 

Manipulating Data

  • Data Manipulation Language
  • Adding a New Row to a Table
  • The INSERT Statement Syntax 8-5
  • Inserting New Rows
  • Inserting Rows with Null Values
  • Inserting Special Values
  • Inserting Specific Date Values
  • Creating a Script
  • Copying Rows from Another Table
  • Changing Data in a Table
  • The UPDATE Statement Syntax
  • Updating Rows in a Table
  • Updating Two Columns with a Subquery
  • Updating Rows Based on Another Table
  • Updating Rows: Integrity Constraint Error
  • Removing a Row from a Table
  • The DELETE Statement
  • Deleting Rows from a Table
  • Deleting Rows Based on Another Table
  • Deleting Rows: Integrity Constraint Error
  • Using a Subquery in an INSERT Statement
  • Using the WITH CHECK OPTION Keyword on DML Statements
  • Overview of the Explicit Default Feature
  • Using Explicit Default Values
  • The MERGE Statement
  • The MERGE Statement Syntax
  • Merging Rows
  • Database Transactions
  • Advantages of COMMIT and ROLLBACK Statements
  • Controlling Transactions
  • Rolling Back Changes to a Marker
  • Implicit Transaction Processing
  • State of the Data Before COMMIT or ROLLBACK
  • State of the Data after COMMIT
  • Committing Data
  • State of the Data After ROLLBACK
  • Statement-Level Rollback
  • Read Consistency
  • Implementation of Read Consistency
  • Locking
  • Implicit Locking
  • Read Consistency Example

Creating and Managing Tables

  • Database Objects
  • Naming Rules
  • The CREATE TABLE Statement
  • Referencing Another User?s Tables
  • The DEFAULT Option
  • Creating Tables
  • Tables in the Oracle Database
  • Querying the Data Dictionary 9-10
  • Data Types
  • DateTime Data Types
  • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type
  • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME Data Type
  • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH Data Type
  • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND Data Type
  • Creating a Table by Using a Subquery Syntax
  • Creating a Table by Using a Subquery
  • The ALTER TABLE Statement
  • Adding a Column
  • Modifying a Column
  • Dropping a Column
  • The SET UNUSED Option
  • Dropping a Table
  • Changing the Name of an Object
  • Truncating a Table
  • Adding Comments to a Table

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

4 კვირა

7, 8 ლექცია

Including Constraints

  • What are Constraints?
  • Constraint Guidelines
  • Defining Constraints
  • The NOT NULL Constraint
  • The UNIQUE Constraint
  • The PRIMARY KEY Constraint
  • The FOREIGN KEY Constraint
  • FOREIGN KEY Constraint Keywords
  • The CHECK Constraint
  • Adding a Constraint Syntax
  • Adding a Constraint
  • Dropping a Constraint
  • Disabling Constraints
  • Enabling Constraints
  • Cascading Constraints
  • Viewing Constraints
  • Viewing the Columns Associated with Constraints

Creating Views

  • Database Objects
  • What is a View?
  • Why use Views?
  • Simple Views and Complex Views
  • Creating a View
  • Retrieving Data from a View
  • Querying a View
  • Modifying a View
  • Creating a Complex View
  • Rules for Performing DML Operations on a View
  • Using the WITH CHECK OPTION Clause
  • Denying DML Operations
  • Removing a View
  • Inline Views
  • Top-N Analysis
  • Performing Top-N Analysis
  • Example of Top-N Analysis
  • Other Database Objects
  • Database Objects
  • What is a Sequence?
  • The CREATE SEQUENCE Statement Syntax
  • Creating a Sequence
  • Confirming Sequences
  • NEXTVAL and CURRVAL Pseudocolumns
  • Using a Sequence
  • Modifying a Sequence
  • Guidelines for Modifying a Sequence
  • Removing a Sequence
  • What is an Index?
  • How Are Indexes Created?
  • Creating an Index
  • When to Create an Index
  • When Not to Create an Index
  • Confirming Indexes
  • Function-Based Indexes
  • Removing an Index
  • Creating and Removing Synonyms
  • Controlling User Access
  • Objectives
  • Controlling User Access
  • Privileges
  • System Privileges
  • Creating Users
  • User System Privileges
  • Granting System Privileges
  • What is a Role?
  • Creating and Granting Privileges to a Role
  • Changing Your Password
  • Object Privileges
  • Granting Object Privileges
  • Using the WITH GRANT OPTION and PUBLIC Keywords
  • Confirming Privileges Granted
  • How to Revoke Object Privileges
  • Revoking Object Privileges
  • Database Links

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

5 კვირა

9,10 ლექცია

 

Using SET Operators

  • The SET Operators
  • Tables Used in This Lesson
  • The UNION Operator
  • Using the UNION Operator
  • The UNION ALL Operator
  • Using the UNION ALL Operator
  • The INTERSECT Operator
  • Using the INTERSECT Operator
  • The MINUS Operator
  • SET Operator Guidelines
  • The Oracle Server and SET Operators
  • Matching the SELECT Statements
  • Controlling the Order of Rows

Enhancements to the GROUP BY Clause

  • Review of Group Functions
  • Review of the GROUP BY Clause
  • Review of the HAVING Clause
  • GROUP BY with ROLLUP and CUBE Operators
  • ROLLUP Operator
  • ROLLUP Operator Example
  • CUBE Operator
  • CUBE Operator: Example
  • GROUPING Function
  • GROUPING Function: Example
  • GROUPING SETS
  • GROUPING SETS: Example
  • Composite Columns
  • Composite Columns: Example
  • Concatenated Groupings
  • Concatenated Groupings Example

Advanced Subqueries

  • What Is a Subquery?
  • Subqueries
  • Using a Subquery
  • Multiple-Column Subqueries
  • Column Comparisons
  • Pairwise Comparison Subquery
  • Nonpairwise Comparison Subquery
  • Using a Subquery in the FROM Clause
  • Scalar Subquery Expressions
  • Scalar Subqueries: Examples
  • Correlated Subqueries
  • Using Correlated Subqueries
  • Using the EXISTS Operator
  • Using the NOT EXISTS Operator
  • Correlated UPDATE
  • Correlated DELETE
  • The WITH Clause
  • WITH Clause: Example

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

6 კვირა

11,12
ლექცია

Hierarchical Retrieval

  • Sample Data from the EMPLOYEES Table
  • Natural Tree Structure
  • Hierarchical Queries
  • Walking the Tree
  • Walking the Tree: From the Bottom Up
  • Walking the Tree: From the Top Down
  • Ranking Rows with the LEVEL Pseudocolumn
  • Formatting Hierarchical Reports Using LEVEL and LPAD
  • Pruning Branches

Extensions to DML and DDL Statements

  • Review of the INSERT Statement
  • Review of the UPDATE Statement
  • Overview of Multitable INSERT Statements
  • Overview of Multitable INSERT Statements
  • Types of Multitable INSERT Statements
  • Multitable INSERT Statements
  • Unconditional INSERT ALL
  • Conditional INSERT ALL
  • Conditional FIRST INSERT
  • Pivoting INSERT
  • External Tables
  • Creating an External Table
  • Example of Creating an External Table
  • Querying External Tables
  • CREATE INDEX with CREATE TABLE Statement

 

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

7 კვირა

 

13,14
ლექცია

Part I: Programming in PL/SQL

  • Introduction to PL/SQL
  • What Is PL/SQL?
  • The Origins of PL/SQL
  • About PL/SQL Versions
  • Resources for PL/SQL Developers

Creating and Running PL/SQL Code

  • SQL*Plus
  • Performing Essential PL/SQL Tasks
  • Calling PL/SQL from Other Languages
  • Language Fundamentals
  • PL/SQL Block Structure
  • The PL/SQL Character Set
  • Identifiers
  • Literals
  • The Semicolon Delimiter
  • Comments
  • The PRAGMA Keyword
  • Labels
  • პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.
  • 8 კვირა
  • 15,16
  • ლექცია
  • Part II: PL/SQL Program Structure
  • Conditional and Sequential Control
  • IF Statements
  • CASE Statements and Expressions
  • The GOTO Statement
  • The NULL Statement
  • Iterative Processing with Loops

Loop Basics

  • The Simple Loop
  • The WHILE Loop
  • The Numeric FOR Loop
  • The Cursor FOR Loop
  • Loop Labels
  • Tips for Iterative Processing

 

Exception Handlers

  • Exception-Handling Concepts and Terminology
  • Defining Exceptions
  • Raising Exceptions
  • Handling Exceptions
  • Building an Effective Error Management Architecture
  • Making the Most of PL/SQL Error Management

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

9 კვირა

 

17,18
ლექცია

Part III: PL/SQL Program Data

 

  • Working with Program Data
  • Naming Your Program Data
  • Overview of PL/SQL Datatypes
  • Declaring Program Data
  • Programmer-Defined Subtypes
  • Conversion Between Datatypes

Strings

  • String Datatypes
  • Working with Strings
  • String Function Quick Reference

Numbers

  • Numeric Datatypes
  • Number Conversions
  • Numeric Functions

Records

Records in PL/SQL 
Collections

 

  • Collections Overview
  • Collection Methods (Built-Ins)
  • Working with Collections
  • Nested Table Multiset Operations
  • Maintaining Schema-Level Collections

Miscellaneous Datatypes

  • The BOOLEAN Datatype
  • The RAW Datatype
  • The UROWID and ROWID Datatypes
  • The LOB Datatypes
  • Working with LOBs
  • Predefined Object Types

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

10 კვირა

19,20
ლექცია

Part IV: SQL in PL/SQL

  • DML and Transaction Management
  • DML in PL/SQL
  • Bulk DML with the FORALL Statement
  • Transaction Management
  • Autonomous Transactions

Data Retrieval

 

  • Cursor Basics
  • Working with Implicit Cursors
  • Working with Explicit Cursors
  • BULK COLLECT
  • SELECT … FOR UPDATE
  • Cursor Variables and REF CURSORs
  • Cursor Expressions

Procedures, Functions, and Parameters

 

  • Procedures
  • Functions
  • Parameters
  • Local Modules
  • Module Overloading
  • Forward Declarations Advanced Topics
  • Go Forth and Modularize!

 

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

11 კვირა

21,22
ლექცია

Packages

 

  • Why Packages?
  • Rules for Building Packages
  • Rules for Calling Packaged Elements
  • Working with Package Data
  • When to Use Packages
  • Packages and Object Types

Triggers

  • DML Triggers
  • DDL Triggers
  • Database Event Triggers
  • INSTEAD OF Triggers
  • AFTER SUSPEND Triggers
  • Maintaining Triggers

 

პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა.

12 კვირა

 

23,24
ლექცია

 

SQL Workshop Overview

PL/SQL Workshop Overview

 

სასერტიფიკატო გამოცდა.

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